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Communicating research results to support a supercritical future for New Zealand.

We are building on over sixty years of New Zealand leadership in large scale geothermal energy utilisation for industrial direct heat and electricity generation.

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JOURNAL PAPER
2024
Natural state geothermal reservoir modelling: Mineralogical and geochemical evolution perspective
D. Altar, E. Kaya, S. Zarrouk, I. Chambefort
A study that explores the evolution of geothermal reservoirs.
REPORT
2024
Inventory of New Zealand supercritical geothermal resources
CJ Bromley, AJ Rae, SA Alcaraz, WM Kissling, JM Rivera
A preliminary inventory assessment and initial quantification of New Zealand’s supercritical (>374°C, >220 bar) and/or superhot (>374°C) geothermal resources, at potentially drillable depths.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2024
Structural and Dissolution Trapping of Carbon in Geothermal Reservoirs: A Numerical Assessment
D. Altar, E. Kaya, S. Zarrouk
Standford Workshop paper 2024: utilising numerical models to assess the carbon storage potential in a hypothetical geothermal reservoir and the possible risks.
JOURNAL PAPER
2024
A source-to-surface model of heat and fluid transport in the Taupō Rift, New Zealand
W. Kissling, S. Ellis, S. Barker, G. Caldwell
A 2D numerical models of bulk heat and water transport from the mid-crust (10 km depth) to the surface in a 20 km-wide continental rift, based on observations from the Taupō Rift, NZ.
JOURNAL PAPER
2023
The Thermal Structure of Central Te Riu a Māui / Zealandia Continent as Determined From the Depth to Base of Magnetic Sources
C. A. Miller, A. Kirkby, N. Mortimer, F. Aden, J. Barretto, J. Black, I. Chambefort, V. Stagpoole
To investigate the thermal structure, we estimate the depth to base of magnetic sources, using an updated compilation of magnetic data.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Understanding Mineralogical and Geochemical Evolution in Geothermal Reservoirs through Reactive Transport Modelling
Dale Altar, Sadiq Zarrouk, Eylem Kaya
NZGW paper: a reactive transport modelling study to provide information about the deep geochemical processes that occur during fluid circulation within the reservoir.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Reversing Carbon Emissions in the Geothermal Energy Industry Project: A Geoscience Perspective
Eylem Kaya, Bridget Lynne
NZGW paper: overview of research to help reduce GHG emissions by creating processes that will enable trapping gases, while boosting the fluid production from geothermal resources.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Long Term Production in TVZ Geothermal Systems using a 2D Source to Surface Model
W. Kissling & S. Ellis
NZGW Paper: This 2D model describes the complete hydrothermal system underlying the geothermal systems and its principal geological controls.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Supercritical Well Performance Simulation using GFlow Wellbore Simulator: A Case Study of Ultra-hot IDDP Wells in Iceland+
Julius Rivera, John Burnell
NZGW paper: forecasting production output of wells with feeds accessing supercritical fluids and characterising the fluid flow and energy at the wellhead.
PRESENTATION
2023
GFLOW: A Supercritical Wellbore Simulator
J. Rivera. J. Burnell
NZGW Slides - Simulation of Ultra hot IDDP Wells in Iceland
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Fracture permeability in basement greywacke for supercritical drilling planning
Sarah Milicich, Cécile Massiot, Bethany Murphy
NZGW paper: Assessment of fractures in a deep well in the Kawerau Geothermal Field, providing the deepest direct fracture data set for analysis as part of our supercritical research programme.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Comparison of Icelandic Supercritical Well Forecasts with Subcritical Geothermal Production Well Outputs
Julius Rivera
NZGW paper: seeking to estimate the possible production capacity of a supercritical well. Thermal and exergetic power are computed and compared.
PRESENTATION
2023
Comparison of Supercritical Well Forecasts with Subcritical Geothermal Production Well Outputs
Julius Rivera
NZGW slides: estimating the possible production capacity of a supercritical well compared to subcritical well outputs.
PRESENTATION
2023
Economic Opportunity for Supercritical Geothermal Energy in NZ
Castalia Ltd
Slides from a presentation at the 45th NZ Geothermal Workshop: Breakfast Forum.
REPORT
2023
Supercritical Geothermal in NZ - Economic opportunity in renewable electricity generation and for off-grid energy
Castalia Ltd
This report evaluates the economic opportunity for supercritical geothermal in Aotearoa New Zealand.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Characterisation of Supercritical Fluid Production in Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) through Wellbore Modelling and Simulation
J. Rivera, B. Carey, I. Chambefort
GRC paper: Wellbore modelling to estimate the potential production of a supercritical geothermal well, and characterising fluid and energy flows.
PRESENTATION
2023
What might a New Zealand TVZ supercritical well produce?
J. Rivera, B. Carey, I. Chambefort
Presentation slides from GRC 2023: Characterisation of Supercritical Fluid Production in Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) through Wellbore Modelling and Simulation
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Geothermal: The Next Generation - Exploring New Zealand future supercritical resources
I. Chambefort
GRC paper: presentation of some science results from the GNG programme and discussion on future challenges
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Stakeholder Engagement: A Supercritical Geothermal Example
M.Climo, A. Blair, A. Campbell, I. Chambefort, U. Fairhall
World Geothermal Congress, paper 255: a supercritical geothermal research programme’s approach to stakeholder engagement and communication, and lessons learned.
PRESENTATION
2023
Stakeholder Engagement: A Supercritical Geothermal Example
M.Climo, R.Reeves (presenter)
Presentation slides from World Geothermal Congress 2023.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
What is the end use for ultra-hot geothermal energy in Aotearoa New Zealand?
B. Carey, I. Chambefort
World Geothermal Congress, paper 208: end uses and processes that might need to be scoped in seeking to better refine the future utilisation of ultra-hot geothermal energy.
PRESENTATION
2023
What is the end use for ultra-hot geothermal energy in Aotearoa New Zealand?
C. Bromley (presenter)
Presentation slides from World Geothermal Congress 2023.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Planning Preparation for Six Kilometre Deep Geothermal Wells in the Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
D. Kissick, S. Bendall, B. Carey
World Geothermal Congress, paper 258: explores planning and regulatory frameworks applicable for exploratory drilling of a deep geothermal wells.
PRESENTATION
2023
Planning Preparation for Six Kilometre Deep Geothermal Wells in the Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
D. Kissick, B. Carey, S. Alcaraz, C. Bromley (presenter)
Presentation slides from the World Geothermal Congress.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
A Supercritical Geothermal Inventory for New Zealand?
B. Carey, C. Bromley, J. Burnell
World Geothermal Congress, paper 604: approaches and processes for developing a supercritical geothermal inventory.
PRESENTATION
2023
A Supercritical Geothermal Inventory for New Zealand?
C. Bromley (presenter), B. Carey, J. Burnell
Presentation slides from the World Geothermal Congress.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Geothermal: The Next Generation - Advancing the Understanding of New Zealand’s Supercritical Resources
Isabelle Chambefort & the GNG Team
World Geothermal Congress, paper 1038: programme overview
PRESENTATION
2023
Geothermal: The Next Generation - Advancing the Understanding of New Zealand’s Supercritical Resources
I. Chambefort and the GNG Team (Presented by R.Reeves)
Presentation slides from World Geothermal Congress 2023.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Ultra Hot - Supercritical Geothermal - IEA Geothermal Collaboration
C. Bromley, B. Carey
World Geothermal Congress, paper 333: international ultra-hot projects, seeking to share knowledge acquired, inform interested parties and direct future enquiry.
PRESENTATION
2023
The Solubility of Quartz in Supercritical Water from 375 to 600˚C and 200 to 270 bar
P. Rendel & B. Mountain
Poster presented at the Water-Rock Interaction conference in Japan (August 2023).
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
The Solubility of Quartz in Supercritical Water from 375 to 600˚C and 200 to 270 bar
P. Rendel & B. Mountain
Conference abstract for a poster presented at the Water-Rock Interaction conference (Japan, August 2023)
CONFERENCE PAPER
2023
Experimental Results of Supercritical Fluid-Rock Interactions Geothermal: The Next Generation
P. Rendel & B. Mountain
Conference abstract from Water-Rock Interaction conference (Japan, August 2023).
JOURNAL PAPER
2023
Modelling of flow through naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs, Taupō Volcanic Zone, NZ
W.M. Kissling, C. Massiot
New Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) codes that model fractures and associated fluid flow in 2-D at reservoir scales to represent typical rock types found in TVZ reservoirs.
JOURNAL PAPER
2023
Using oxygen isotopes to track movement of water through the crust in geothermal systems
S.M. Rooyakkers, I. Chambefort, K.Faure, C.J.N. Wilson, S.J. Barker, et al
Explorng the dynamic interface between TVZ magmatic and geothermal systems using oxygen isotopes.
JOURNAL PAPER
2023
Crustal basement terranes under the Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: Context for hydrothermal and magmatic processes
N. Mortimer, B.L.A. Charlier, S.M. Rooyakkers, R.E. Turnbull, C.J.N. Wilson, et al
New mineralogical, whole rock geochemical, O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic, and U-Pb zircon age data from lava-hosted xenoliths and ignimbrite-hosted lithics.
REPORT
2023
Deep geothermal exploratory drilling and testing in the Taupō Volcanic Zone: Well drilling consenting scenarios report
Deborah Kissick, Brian Carey, Samantha Alcaraz
Report identifies the resource consents likely required by the planning framework established under RMA for the drilling and testing of a ~6km deep geothermal well in the TVZ.
JOURNAL PAPER
2023
Reactive transport modelling under supercritical conditions
Dale Altar, Eylem Kaya, Sadiq Zarrouk, Mauro Passarella, Bruce Mountain
This work explores the precipitation/dissolution behaviour of basalt in water under supercritical conditions (400 °C and 502 bar).
REPORT
2023
Comparative Geothermal Well Performance - Supercritical and Subcritical
Julius Rivera, Brian Carey
Output forecasts for 4500-6000m deep geothermal well configurations in the TVZ across reservoir temperatures 450-600C.
JOURNAL PAPER
2023
Solubility of quartz in supercritical water from 375°C to 600°C and 200–270 bar
Peter Rendel & Bruce Mountain
Investigating quartz solubility data in supercritical temperature and pressure conditions.
JOURNAL PAPER
2023
Chemical vectoring in continental geothermal systems: composition of altered rocks and illite as guides to magmatic degassing
Isabelle Chambefort & John Dilles
Tracking magmatic degassing in the crust using a study of the composition of New Zealand's deep magmatic fluids.
PRESENTATION
2022
IAPWS 2022 - Clean Energy European Metrology Network and energy transition
P.A. Giuliano Albo
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Workshop.
PRESENTATION
2022
IAPWS 2022 - Geothermal Emissions Reduction
Ian Richardson
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Workshop.
PRESENTATION
2022
IAPWS 2022 - HX Solution for High Enthalpy Wells
Peter Rop
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Workshop.
PRESENTATION
2022
IAPWS 2022 - Geothermal Steam Sampling
David Addison
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Workshop.
PRESENTATION
2022
IAPWS 2022 - NZ’s Energy and Geothermal Future: Opportunities and Challenges
Vince Hawksworth
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Workshop.
PRESENTATION
2022
IAPWS 2022 - Symposium Introduction
David Addison
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Workshop.
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
2022
Learnings from international collaboration and an approach to a national resource inventory
Chris Bromley
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
Modelling to Assess National Potential
John Burnell
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
Modelling the fluid and heat flows below the TVZ: the challenges of fluid properties
Warwick Kissling
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
What might a New Zealand TVZ Supercritical Well Produce?
Julius Rivera
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
Quartz Solubility in Supercritical Water
Peter Rendel
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
Experimental Geochemistry Laboratory & Basalt-Water Interactions
Bruce Mountain
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
GNG - Exploring for Supercritical Resources in the TVZ
Craig Miller
Slides and a video presentation from the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
Drivers of Geothermal Systems in NZ
Geoff Kilgour
Video presentation from the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
Imaging volcano-geothermal systems in the Taupō Volcanic Zone with magnetotellurics
Ted Bertrand
Video presentation from the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
Seismic imaging
Stephen Bannister
Video presentation from the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
Introduction to Supercritical Geothermal
Brian Carey
Slides from a presentation at the 2022 IAPWS Symposium on supercritical and sub-critical geothermal steam chemistry.
PRESENTATION
2022
IAPWS 2022 Symposium Programme
IAPWS 2022 Symposium Programme
JOURNAL PAPER
2022
Tracking Magma-Crust-Fluid Interactions at High Temporal Resolution: Oxygen Isotopes in Young Silicic Magmas of the Taupō Volcanic Zone
S. Rooyakkers, K. Faure, I. Chambefort, S. Barker, H. Elms, C. Wilson, B. Charlier
Considering links between voluminous silicic magmatism and large-scale hydrothermal circulation in New Zealand's central Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ).
JOURNAL PAPER
2022
Numerical geochemical modelling of basalt-water interaction under subcritical conditions
D. Altar, E. Kaya, S.J. Zarrouck, M. Passarella, B.W. Mountain
A hydrothermal-geochemical modelling study, matching a detailed laboratory simulation of basalt-water interaction.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2022
Reversing Carbon Emissions in Geothermal Energy Production: Te Ara Whakamua
E. Kaya, S. Zarrouk
NZGW 2022 paper - A study of processes enabling GHG entrapment, especially CO2, in solid form while boosting energy production from geothermal resources.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2022
Insights from reactive transport models of basalt and water experiments
D. Altar, E. Kaya, S. Zarrouk
NZGW 2022 paper - Reactive transport modelling to match the results of detailed laboratory simulations of the interactions between tholeiitic basalt and distilled de-oxygenated water.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2022
Commercial Arrangements Underpinning Aotearoa New Zealand’s Industrial Scale Geothermal Operations
M. Climo, A. Blair, A. Campbell, B. Carey
NZGW 2022 conference paper examining current business venture arrangements of large geothermal operations (electricity and process heat) in New Zealand.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2022
Geothermal: The Next Generation, Advancing the Understanding of New Zealand’s Supercritical Resources – Programme Update
Isabelle Chambefort, Craig Miller, Bruce Mountain, Brian Carey & the GNG Team
This NZGW 2022 conference paper provides an update on the main objectives, relevance, future linkages, and the initial results three years into this challenging and strategic scientific endeavour.
JOURNAL PAPER
2022
A sulfur and halogen budget for the large magmatic system beneath Taupō volcano
M. Sharpe, S. Barker, S. Rooyakkers, C. Wilson, I. Chambefort, M. Rowe, I. Schipper, B. Charlier
A study of the transport and degassing pathways of volatiles through large silicic magmatic systems.
REPORT
2022
An Experimental Study on the Potential of Rhenium and Indium as Geothermal Tracers
L. Sajkoswki, A. Kamiya, B.W. Mountain
Flow-through experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 200–400°C, and in presence of a New Zealand greywacke rock substrate to evaluate the thermal behaviour of rhenium and indium.
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
2022
A Personal Journey to Supercritical
Chris Bromley
An excerpt from a keynote presentation at the 2021 NZ Geothermal Workshop (in early 2022)
PRESENTATION
2022
Experimental Studies of Supercritical Fluid-Rock Interactions
Peter Rendel
A presentation at the 2021 NZ Geothermal Workshop (in early 2022).
CONFERENCE PAPER
2022
Experimental Studies of Supercritical Fluid-Rock Interactions
Peter Rendel, Bruce Mountain, Lucjan Sajkowski, Isabelle Chambefort
Preliminary results of the interaction between supercritical water and greywacke rocks under supercritical conditions was presented at 2021 NZ Geothermal Workshop (in early 2022).
CONFERENCE PAPER
2022
Moving Forward to Exploration Drilling
B. Carey, M. Climo, I. Chambefort, C. Miller, A. Rae, D. Kissick, P. Bixley, R. Winmill
This conference paper, from the 2021 NZ Geothermal Workshop (run in early 2022), outlines preparatory and pre-planning work for drilling a supercritical exploration well.
PRESENTATION
2022
Moving Forward to Exploration Drilling
Brian Carey
A presentation delivered at the 2021 (in early 2022) NZ Geothermal Workshop.
PRESENTATION
2022
A Supercritical Journey into Te Ao Māori
Andrea Blair
A presentation delivered at the 2021 (in early 2022) NZ Geothermal Workshop.
REPORT
2022
Total Magnetic Intensity Grid of the Upper North Island, New Zealand
J. Barretto & F. Caratori Tontini
A procedure for merging processed gridded airborne and shipborne magnetic data to produce the first integrated TMI grid and magnetic data compilation for the upper North Island.
CASE STUDY
2021
Geothermal CO2 Reinjection
NZ Geothermal Association
A 2-pager explaining carbon dioxide reinjection (also known as NCG reinjection and CO2 sequestration) in geothermal systems.
REPORT
2021
Prognoses for Two Supercritical Well Designs
B. Carey, A. Rae, P. Bixley, L. Carson, S. Alcaraz, I Chambefort
This report provides two geological prognoses to inform well design for supercritical wells.
PRESENTATION
2021
Supercritical Geothermal
Isabelle Chambefort, Paul Siratovich
Sharing geothermal's advantages, and introducing supercritical geothermal.
REPORT
2021
New Zealand’s Conventional Geothermal Planning and Regulatory Framework
Deborah Kissick, Melissa Climo, Brian Carey
An overview of the planning and regulatory framework relating to the existing development and use of conventional geothermal resources in New Zealand.
JOURNAL PAPER
2021
Eruption risks from covert silicic magma bodies.
Rooyakkers, S.M., Stix, J., Berlo, K., Petrelli, M. & Sigmundsson, F.
A discussion on the hazards of encountering shallow pockets of “covert”magma during geothermal drilling campaigns at three volcanoes.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2021
Advancing New Zealand’s Supercritical Geothermal Opportunity
Melissa Climo, Isabelle Chambefort, Brian Carey, Simon Bendall, Andrea Blair
This conference paper was published in the Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2020+1
PRESENTATION
2021
Advancing New Zealand's Supercritical Geothermal Opportunity
Isabelle Chambefort
A video of this conference presentation from the World Geothermal Congress 2020+1
JOURNAL PAPER
2021
Geological Controls on Geothermal Resources for Power Generation
Egbert Jolie, Samuel Scott, James Faulds, Isabelle Chambefort et al
Review of the geological aspects controlling success in geothermal well targeting in intermediate to high-temperature geothermal systems.
JOURNAL PAPER
2020
Reinjection in geothermal fields: An updated worldwide review 2020
Z. Kamila, E. Kaya, S. Zarrouk
A review and analysis of worldwide reinjection experience.
JOURNAL PAPER
2020
Fluids in Geothermal Systems
Isabelle Chambefort & Andri Stefánsson
Summarising characteristics of high-temperature geothermal systems and their fluids, and how and why supercritical fluids could be a way forward for future energy needs.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2020
New Zealand's Supercritical Opportunity: moving from Potential Resource to Deployed Technology
M. Climo, I Chambefort, B. Carey, S. Bendall, A. Blair
This conference paper, proposing development of a Supercritical Strategy to NZ, was presented at New Zealand Geothermal Workshop 2020.
PRESENTATION
2020
New Zealand's Supercritical Opportunity: moving from Potential Resource to Deployed Technology
Presenter: Andrea Blair
This presentation, which proposes a supercritical strategy for NZ, was delivered at the 2020 New Zealand Geothermal Workshop.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2020
New Zealand's Regulatory and Planning Framework for Conventional Geothermal Resource Use
D. Kissick, S. Bendall, M. Climo
This conference paper was published in the Proceedings 42nd New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, November 2020.
PRESENTATION
2020
New Zealand's Regulatory and Planning Framework for Conventional Geothermal Resource Use
Presenter: Deborah Kissick
This poster was presented at the 2020 NZ Geothermal Workshop.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2020
Quick Reference: NZ's Environmental Statutory Framework
D. Kissick
New Zealand's Environmental Statutory Framework in a simple quick reference card. Print your own!
CONFERENCE PAPER
2020
Developing a Strategy to Accelerate Utilisation of NZ's Supercritical Resources
Melissa Climo, Brian Carey, Isabelle Chambefort, Simon Bendall, Andy Blair
This conference paper was published in the GRC Transactions, Volume 44 (2020).
PRESENTATION
2020
Developing a Strategy to Accelerate Utilisation of NZ's Supercritical Resources
Presenter: Isabelle Chambefort
This presentation was given at the 2020 Geothermal Resources Council workshop.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2019
Modelling Geothermal Power Generation from the Waiotapu - Waikite - Reporoa Geothermal Fields
R. Pauline, E. Kaya
This conference paper from the 2019 NZ Geothermal Workshop looks at possible modelling strategies for power generation in Reporoa, while preserving nearby protected geothermal surface features.
CONFERENCE PAPER
2019
Geothermal: The Next Generation
Isabelle Chambefort, Bruce Mountain, Andrea Blair, Greg Bignall
This conference paper, introducing the Geothermal: The Next Generation research programme, was presented at New Zealand Geothermal Workshop 2019.
PRESENTATION
2019
Geothermal: The Next Generation
Presenter: Isabelle Chambefort
This presentation, an overview of the research programme, was delivered at the 2019 New Zealand Geothermal Workshop.
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